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AOL File Library: 2,801 to 2,900
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C++ Files Library
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C++ Grammar
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c++grammar.sit
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cpp4.l
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1991-02-14
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%{
/* Copyright (C) 1989,1990 James A. Roskind, All rights reserved.
This lexer description was written by James A. Roskind. Copying
of this file, as a whole, is permitted providing this notice is
intact and applicable in all complete copies. Direct
translations as a whole to other lexer generator input languages
(or lexical description languages) is permitted provided that
this notice is intact and applicable in all such copies, along
with a disclaimer that the contents are a translation. The
reproduction of derived files or text, such as modified versions
of this file, or the output of scanner generators, is permitted,
provided the resulting work includes the copyright notice
"Portions Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 James A. Roskind". Derived
products must also provide the notice "Portions Copyright (c)
1989, 1990 James A. Roskind" in a manner appropriate to the
utility, and in keeping with copyright law (e.g.: EITHER
displayed when first invoked/executed; OR displayed continuously
on display terminal; OR via placement in the object code in form
readable in a printout, with or near the title of the work, or at
the end of the file). No royalties, licenses or commissions of
any kind are required to copy this file, its translations, or
derivative products, when the copies are made in compliance with
this notice. Persons or corporations that do make copies in
compliance with this notice may charge whatever price is
agreeable to a buyer, for such copies or derivative works. THIS
FILE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
James A. Roskind
Independent Consultant
516 Latania Palm Drive
Indialantic FL, 32903
(407)729-4348
jar@ileaf.com
or ...!uunet!leafusa!jar
---end of copyright notice---
COMMENTS-
My goal is to see software developers adopt my C++ grammar as a
standard until such time as a better standard is accessible. The
only way to get it to become a standard, is to be sure that people
know that derivations are based on a specific work. The intent of
releasing this Flex input file is to facilitate experimentation with
my C++ grammar. The intent of the copyright notice is to allow
arbitrary commercial and non-commercial use of this file, as long as
reference is given to my standardization effort. Without reference
to a specific standard, many alternative grammars would develop. By
referring to the standard, the C++ grammar is given publicity, which
should lead to further use in compatible products and systems. The
benefits of such a standard to commercial products (browsers,
beautifiers, translators, compilers, ...) should be obvious to the
developers, in that other compatible products will emerge, and the
value of all conforming products will rise. Most developers are
aware of the value of acquiring a fairly complete grammar for a
language, and the copyright notice (and the resulting affiliation
with my work) should not be too high a price to pay. By copyrighting
my work, I have some minor control over what this standard is, and I
can (hopefully) keep it from degrading without my approval. I will
consistently attempt to provide upgraded grammars that are compliant
with the current art, and the ANSI C++ Committee recommendation in
particular. A developer is never prevented from modifying the
grammar or this file to improve it in whatever way is seen fit. There
is also no restriction on the sale of copies, or derivative works,
providing the request in the copyright notice are satisfied.
If you are not "copying" my work, but are rather only abstracting
some of my work, an acknowledgment with references to such a standard
would be appreciated. Specifically, agreements with my grammar and
its resolution of otherwise ambiguous constructs, should be noted.
Simply put: "make whatever use you would like of the grammar and this
file, but include the ``portions Copyright ...'' as a reference to
this standard."
*/
/* Last modified 3/7/90, Version 1.00 */
/* File CPP4.L, becomes yy.lex.c after processing by FLEX */
/* This file is a dramatically cut down version of the FLEX input
file used in my ANSI C Preprocessor. The executable version of my C
preprocessor is available on many platforms (shareware), but this is
the only source extract that is currently being distributed. If you
need a full ANSI C preprocessor, with extensive diagnostic
capabilities and customization facilities, please contact me at the
addresses given above. Current platforms include IBMPC (DOS/OS2),
Sun (SPARC and Motorola), and IBM R/6000. ... end of commercial
announcement.
This file is being distributed to facilitate experimentation and use
of my C and C++ grammar.
Comment removal must be done during the lexing, as context (such as
enclosure in string literals) must be observed. For this cut-down
lexer, we will assume that comments have been removed (don't assume
this if you are writing a compiler or browser!). The justification
for this assumption is a view that we are processing
post-preprocessed source, and hence comment removal was taken care of
during that phase. Note that in real life, comments CANNOT always be
removed prior to lexing, as the sequence of characters '/*' may
appear within a string literal, and hence NOT indicate the start of a
comment.
For each IDENTIFIER like string that is found, there are several
distinct interpretations that can be applied:
1) The preprocessor may interpret the string as a "keyword" in a
directive (eg: "pragma" or "include", "defined").
2) The parser may interpret the string as a keyword. (eg: "int").
3) Both parser and preprocessor may interpret the string as a keyword
(eg: "if").
Since this file is based on source that actually lexically analyses
text for both preprocessing and parsing, macro definitions were used
throughout. The macro definitions supplied here have been customized
to a C++ parse only, and all preprocessor keywords are passed as
IDENTIFIER or TYPEDEFname. Also, since there is no symbol table to
interrogate to decide whether a string is a TYPEDEFname, I simply
assume that any identifier beginning with an upper case letter is a
TYPEDEFname. This hack should allow you to check out how code
segments are parsed using my grammar. Unfortunately, if you really
want to parse major league code, you have to write a symbol table,
and maintain appropriate scoping information. :-), sorry...
*/
/* Included code before lex code */
/*************** Includes and Defines *****************************/
#include "y.tab.h" /* YACC generated definitions based on C++ parser input*/
typedef char * YYSTYPE; /* interface with lexer: should be in header file*/
char * yylval; /* We will always point at the text of the lexeme.
This makes it easy to print out nice trees when YYDEBUG is
enabled (see the C++ grammar file, and its definition of
YYDEBUG_LEXER_TEXT to be "yylval") */
#define WHITE_RETURN(x) /* do nothing, */
#define NEW_LINE_RETURN() WHITE_RETURN('\n')
#define PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(x) RETURN_VAL(x) /* standard C PArser Keyword */
#define CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(x) PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(x) /* C++ keyword */
#define PPPA_KEYWORD_RETURN(x) RETURN_VAL(x) /* both PreProcessor and PArser keyword */
#define PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(x) IDENTIFIER_RETURN()
#define IDENTIFIER_RETURN() RETURN_VAL(isaTYPE(yytext)?TYPEDEFname:IDENTIFIER)
#define PPOP_RETURN(x) RETURN_VAL((int)*yytext) /* PreProcess and Parser operator */
#define NAMED_PPOP_RETURN(x) /* error: PreProcessor ONLY operator; Do nothing */
#define ASCIIOP_RETURN(x) RETURN_VAL((int)*yytext) /* a single character operator */
#define NAMEDOP_RETURN(x) RETURN_VAL(x) /* a multichar operator, with a name */
#define NUMERICAL_RETURN(x) RETURN_VAL(x) /* some sort of constant */
#define LITERAL_RETURN(x) RETURN_VAL(x) /* a string literal */
#define RETURN_VAL(x) yylval = yytext; return(x);
%}
identifier [a-zA-Z_][0-9a-zA-Z_]*
exponent_part [eE][-+]?[0-9]+
fractional_constant ([0-9]*"."[0-9]+)|([0-9]+".")
floating_constant (({fractional_constant}{exponent_part}?)|([0-9]+{exponent_part}))[FfLl]?
integer_suffix_opt ([uU]?[lL]?)|([lL][uU])
decimal_constant [1-9][0-9]*{integer_suffix_opt}
octal_constant "0"[0-7]*{integer_suffix_opt}
hex_constant "0"[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+{integer_suffix_opt}
simple_escape [abfnrtv'"?\\]
octal_escape [0-7]{1,3}
hex_escape "x"[0-9a-fA-F]+
escape_sequence [\\]({simple_escape}|{octal_escape}|{hex_escape})
c_char [^'\\\n]|{escape_sequence}
s_char [^"\\\n]|{escape_sequence}
h_tab [\011]
form_feed [\014]
v_tab [\013]
c_return [\015]
horizontal_white [ ]|{h_tab}
%%
{horizontal_white}+ {
WHITE_RETURN(' ');
}
({v_tab}|{c_return}|{form_feed})+ {
WHITE_RETURN(' ');
}
({horizontal_white}|{v_tab}|{c_return}|{form_feed})*"\n" {
NEW_LINE_RETURN();
}
auto {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(AUTO);}
break {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(BREAK);}
case {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(CASE);}
char {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(CHAR);}
const {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(CONST);}
continue {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(CONTINUE);}
default {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(DEFAULT);}
define {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(DEFINE);}
defined {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(OPDEFINED);}
do {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(DO);}
double {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(DOUBLE);}
elif {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(ELIF);}
else {PPPA_KEYWORD_RETURN(ELSE);}
endif {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(ENDIF);}
enum {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(ENUM);}
error {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(ERROR);}
extern {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(EXTERN);}
float {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(FLOAT);}
for {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(FOR);}
goto {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(GOTO);}
if {PPPA_KEYWORD_RETURN(IF);}
ifdef {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(IFDEF);}
ifndef {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(IFNDEF);}
include {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(INCLUDE); }
int {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(INT);}
line {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(LINE);}
long {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(LONG);}
pragma {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(PRAGMA);}
register {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(REGISTER);}
return {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(RETURN);}
short {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(SHORT);}
signed {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(SIGNED);}
sizeof {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(SIZEOF);}
static {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(STATIC);}
struct {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(STRUCT);}
switch {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(SWITCH);}
typedef {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(TYPEDEF);}
undef {PP_KEYWORD_RETURN(UNDEF);}
union {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(UNION);}
unsigned {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(UNSIGNED);}
void {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(VOID);}
volatile {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(VOLATILE);}
while {PA_KEYWORD_RETURN(WHILE);}
class {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(CLASS);}
delete {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(DELETE);}
friend {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(FRIEND);}
inline {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(INLINE);}
new {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(NEW);}
operator {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(OPERATOR);}
overload {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(OVERLOAD);}
protected {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(PROTECTED);}
private {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(PRIVATE);}
public {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(PUBLIC);}
this {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(THIS);}
virtual {CPP_KEYWORD_RETURN(VIRTUAL);}
{identifier} {IDENTIFIER_RETURN();}
{decimal_constant} {NUMERICAL_RETURN(INTEGERconstant);}
{octal_constant} {NUMERICAL_RETURN(OCTALconstant);}
{hex_constant} {NUMERICAL_RETURN(HEXconstant);}
{floating_constant} {NUMERICAL_RETURN(FLOATINGconstant);}
"L"?[']{c_char}+['] {
NUMERICAL_RETURN(CHARACTERconstant);
}
"L"?["]{s_char}*["] {
LITERAL_RETURN(STRINGliteral);}
"(" {PPOP_RETURN(LP);}
")" {PPOP_RETURN(RP);}
"," {PPOP_RETURN(COMMA);}
"#" {NAMED_PPOP_RETURN('#') ;}
"##" {NAMED_PPOP_RETURN(POUNDPOUND);}
"{" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(LC);}
"}" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(RC);}
"[" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(LB);}
"]" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(RB);}
"." {ASCIIOP_RETURN(DOT);}
"&" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(AND);}
"*" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(STAR);}
"+" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(PLUS);}
"-" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(MINUS);}
"~" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(NEGATE);}
"!" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(NOT);}
"/" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(DIV);}
"%" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(MOD);}
"<" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(LT);}
">" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(GT);}
"^" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(XOR);}
"|" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(PIPE);}
"?" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(QUESTION);}
":" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(COLON);}
";" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(SEMICOLON);}
"=" {ASCIIOP_RETURN(ASSIGN);}
".*" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(DOTstar);}
"::" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(CLCL);}
"->" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ARROW);}
"->*" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ARROWstar);}
"++" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ICR);}
"--" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(DECR);}
"<<" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(LS);}
">>" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(RS);}
"<=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(LE);}
">=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(GE);}
"==" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(EQ);}
"!=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(NE);}
"&&" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ANDAND);}
"||" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(OROR);}
"*=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(MULTassign);}
"/=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(DIVassign);}
"%=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(MODassign);}
"+=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(PLUSassign);}
"-=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(MINUSassign);}
"<<=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(LSassign);}
">>=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(RSassign);}
"&=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ANDassign);}
"^=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ERassign);}
"|=" {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ORassign);}
"..." {NAMEDOP_RETURN(ELLIPSIS);}
%%
/* I won't bother to provide any error recovery. I won't even handle
unknown characters */
/*******************************************************************/
int isaTYPE(string)
char * string;
{
/* We should really be maintaining a symbol table, and be
carefully keeping track of what the current scope is (or in the
case of "rescoped" stuff, what scope to look in). Since the
grammar is not annotated with actions to track transitions to
various scopes, and there is no symbol table, we will supply a
hack to allow folks to test the grammar out. THIS IS NOT A
COMPLETE IMPLEMENTATION!!!! */
return ('A' <= string[0] && 'Z' >= string[0]);
}